Published on: Saturday June 8, 2024
Placental mammals rule, marsupial mammals drool
Brown adipose tissue, unlike white fat tissue, burns calories instead of storing them. Researchers believe that it is the body’s heater, and evolved to help mammals survive in colder climates. Its calorie-burning function has also inspired YouTube influencers of the keto-Stoicism-deadlift variety to immerse themselves daily in ice water, a “Jackass”-like activity intended to shed excess body fat, leading to the discovery that the metabolic effects of cold water immersion include making you ravenously hungry. The life will find a solution. A new study by Stockholm University has shown that brown fat is only found in placental mammals. Researchers found that marsupials do not have the same sophisticated brown fat as placental mammals like humans or orcas. A heat-producing gene called UCP1 was activated after the divergence between placental mammals and marsupial mammal. Many, but not all, of the genes that are expressed in brown fatty acids can be found in possum UCP1 transcript, which indicates that marsupials have not developed the fully evolved form, that warms the placental mammal. The proto-form brown fat of marsupials does not have thermogenic properties. Researchers hope that their findings will help to improve our understanding of the evolution of mammals and provide medical applications for metabolic disorders.
Praise Effective
According to a study conducted by researchers from ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, dogs perform better in a training situation if they are rewarded not only with food but also with praise and petting. Researchers at ELTE Eotvos Lorand University were studying the relationship between sleep, learning and emotions. The study’s results indicate that sleep and teaching style affect behavior and learning. Dog trainers in two experiments conducted with the owners of the dogs taught them new tricks that they already knew. The first session was “permissive”, with the trainers giving the dogs food and praise in addition to petting them. They never scolded the dogs. In the second session dogs were only given a treat and no verbal praise. They were also scolded when they displayed unwanted behaviors. The dogs were then monitored by EEG scans in a sleep laboratory after these sessions. The dogs tended to sleep more after the control-style training. This confirms earlier findings that sleep is essential for emotional processing. Marta Gacsi is a senior research fellow at the Comparative Ethology Research Group, HUN-RENELTE. She said: “The most interesting result was that sleep improved dogs’ performance in only one case. That group received a ‘controlling” training the first time and expected to receive a similar training the second time. But then, we trained them using a permissive’ method. We believe that the combination of positive surprise and sleeping improved their ability to learn. Boeing makes a rare mistake
Boeing’s new Starliner capsule is delayed due to thruster problems at the last minute as it prepares to dock with International Space Station. By the time the capsule reached orbit, it was already leaking Helium. Two more leaks were detected hours later. Four of the Starliner’s 28 thrusters then failed. Butch Wilmore, Suni Williams, and their team were able dock the spacecraft with the station after restoring three thrusters and orbiting Earth a second time.
Pills Explained
Antidepressants: How Do They Work? Is this a placebo? Does it really affect serotonin levels? Is this sorcery or a miracle? Researchers thought that antidepressants might be restoring a chemical imbalance in the brain because they raise serotonin. Later research revealed that people with major depression disorder did not have lower levels of serotonin. SSRIs may be a bit of a sorcery. But researchers from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus published a framework to understand how SSRIs function. It clarifies that antidepressants are still beneficial even if MDD does not have low levels of serotonin. According to the researchers, MDD has been associated with brain areas that do not communicate well. Scott Thompson, Ph.D. professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, and senior author of the study, explained that when the brain regions responsible for happiness, moods, self-esteem and problem solving are not communicating properly with each other, they cannot do their job properly. It is well-established that antidepressants like SSRIs that increase serotonin work by strengthening the connections between the regions of the mind. (c) 2024 Science X Network Citation- Saturday Citations – Praising dogs, the evolution of brown fatty tissue and how SSRIs alleviate depression. Plus: Boeing’s Starliner (2024, June 8) retrieved 8 June 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2024-06-saturday-citations-dogs-evolution-brown.html This document is subject to copyright. No part of the document may be reproduced, except for fair dealings to the benefit of private research or study. Content is for informational purposes only.
Source: Phys.org